This report – developed jointly by the OECD, ASEAN and national stakeholders – seeks to better understand the causes behind these persistent gaps and advances policy solutions to help close them. It is structured around three chapters: Chapter 1 provides an overview of progress made in achieving gender equality in employment and education, analyses women’s overall participation in economic activity, and highlights the remaining challenges to reduce outstanding gaps in a wide range of labour market outcomes. It compares the situation in ten Southeast Asian countries to OECD countries, and provides a comprehensive set of policy options drawing upon international good practice examples. Chapter 2 examines the participation of women in entrepreneurial activity and provides an overview of existing policies and institutional structures to support women’s entrepreneurship in ASEAN member states. Chapter 3 presents the framework for, and description of, country-level and regional programmes supporting the development of women entrepreneurs and their enterprises, and highlights examples that could inspire policy makers to further promote women’s entrepreneurship within ASEAN member states. Finally, the annexes highlight cross-country comparisons of the policy and programme dimensions covered in Chapters 2 and 3.